What is two-factor authentication and why is it important?

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security process that requires users to provide two different verification factors to access an account or system. These factors typically fall into one of three categories:
1. Knowledge factors (such as a password or PIN)
2. Possession factors (such as a mobile device or security key)
3. Inherence factors (such as biometric data like fingerprints or facial recognition)

Here’s how two-factor authentication works:
1. A user enters their username and password to log in.
2. After the initial authentication, a second factor is required to verify the user’s identity.
3. This second factor can be sent via SMS, email, a dedicated authentication app, or by using a hardware key.
4. Once the second factor is provided and verified, access is granted to the account or system.

Two-factor authentication is considered an essential security feature for the following reasons:
1. Enhanced security: By requiring an additional verification step, 2FA adds a layer of security beyond just a password, making it more difficult for unauthorized users to access accounts.
2. Protection against phishing: Even if a hacker obtains a user’s password through phishing or other means, they would still need the second factor to gain access, reducing the likelihood of a successful attack.
3. Compliance: Many industries and regulations require the use of two-factor authentication to protect sensitive information and comply with security standards.
4. Peace of mind: Users can feel more confident that their accounts are better protected