IoT devices in smart cities face challenges like large attack surfaces. Secure networks and real-time monitoring enhance protection.

Secure coding for IoT applications involves using secure libraries, validating inputs, and implementing encryption protocols.

Secure OTA updates require encryption, digital signatures, and verified update servers to prevent malicious modifications during transmission.

Third-party components in IoT devices may introduce vulnerabilities. Rigorous testing and trusted suppliers ensure secure integration.

IoT device interoperability introduces risks if security protocols differ. Standardized frameworks and secure APIs address these challenges.

Intrusion detection systems monitor IoT networks, identifying anomalies and alerting administrators to potential threats in real-time.

Wearable IoT devices require encryption, strong authentication, and regular updates to protect sensitive personal data.

IoT sensor data integrity is ensured with cryptographic techniques like hashing and digital signatures.

Implementing IoT security standards is challenging due to device diversity and lack of universal compliance frameworks.