How do cyber security systems monitor network traffic?

Systems continuously monitor and analyze network activity for potential threats through the use of specialized software known as Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). These systems keep track of network traffic, looking for any abnormal patterns or signs of malicious activity that could indicate a security threat. When potential threats are detected, the system can either alert administrators or take automated actions to block or mitigate the threat in real-time. Additionally, security information and event management (SIEM) tools can be used to aggregate and analyze log data from various sources in the network to provide a comprehensive view of network security posture.